2 Kings 8:23

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And the rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

Original Language Analysis

וְיֶ֛תֶר And the rest H3499
וְיֶ֛תֶר And the rest
Strong's: H3499
Word #: 1 of 15
properly, an overhanging, i.e., (by implication) a small rope (as hanging free)
דִּבְרֵ֥י of the acts H1697
דִּבְרֵ֥י of the acts
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 2 of 15
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
יוֹרָ֖ם of Joram H3141
יוֹרָ֖ם of Joram
Strong's: H3141
Word #: 3 of 15
joram, the name of three israelites and one syrian
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 15
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 5 of 15
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָשָׂ֑ה and all that he did H6213
עָשָׂ֑ה and all that he did
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 6 of 15
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
הֲלֹא H3808
הֲלֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 7 of 15
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הֵ֣ם H1992
הֵ֣ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 8 of 15
they (only used when emphatic)
כְּתוּבִ֗ים are they not written H3789
כְּתוּבִ֗ים are they not written
Strong's: H3789
Word #: 9 of 15
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 10 of 15
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
סֵ֛פֶר in the book H5612
סֵ֛פֶר in the book
Strong's: H5612
Word #: 11 of 15
properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book
דִּבְרֵ֥י of the acts H1697
דִּבְרֵ֥י of the acts
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 12 of 15
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
הַיָּמִ֖ים H3117
הַיָּמִ֖ים
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 13 of 15
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
לְמַלְכֵ֥י of the kings H4428
לְמַלְכֵ֥י of the kings
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 14 of 15
a king
יְהוּדָֽה׃ of Judah H3063
יְהוּדָֽה׃ of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 15 of 15
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

Analysis & Commentary

And the rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 8: Prophetic word shapes national events. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. The prophetic ministry served as God's primary means of covenant enforcement, calling both kings and people to faithfulness. During this period, Israel and Judah struggled with persistent idolatry, particularly Baal worship introduced under Ahab and Jezebel.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 8 takes place during the Elisha prophetic ministry, approximately 850-800 BCE. The chapter's theme (Elisha's International Influence) reflects the historical reality of God's compassionate provision through prophetic miracles while both kingdoms struggled with persistent idolatry. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources